This report represents the final recommendations of the ADAAG Review Advisory Committee to the US Access Board for revisions to the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). This final report is presented in the form of a new set of guidelines.
NOTE: This report is a set of recommendations from the Advisory Committee to the US Access Board. Any proposed revisions to ADAAG will be made through the federal rulemaking process. This report is not part of any rulemaking.
In addition to the scoping and technical provisions presented in this report, the Advisory Committee also recommends a new format for the next edition of ADAAG. Recommendations regarding dimensions, defined terms, language style, and numbering are already incorporated in the report; they are specified here for use by the Access Board. This report does not incorporate the Committee recommendations for layout; figures and commentary were not fully addressed by the Committee. Recommendations for layout, figures and commentary are for use by the Access Board in developing the next final ADAAG.
These guidelines provide scoping and technical requirements for accessibility to sites, facilities, buildings, and elements by individuals with disabilities. These requirements are to be applied during the design, construction, and alteration of sites, facilities, buildings, and elements to the extent required by regulations issued by Federal agencies under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
The technical requirements in these guidelines are based upon adult dimensions and anthropometrics.
Nothing in these guidelines is intended to prevent the use of designs or technologies as alternatives to those prescribed in this document, provided they provide equivalent or superior accessibility and usability.
Dimensions that are not stated as "maximum" or "minimum" are absolute. All dimensions are subject to conventional industry tolerances.
105.1 General. The standards referenced in these guidelines and listed in 105.2 shall be considered part of the requirements of these guidelines to the prescribed extent of each such reference. References to standards within the technical and scoping requirements shall apply to the specific edition of the reference standard listed in 105.2. Where differences occur between provisions of these guidelines and referenced standards, the provisions of these guidelines shall apply.
105.2 Referenced Standards.
105.2.1 Power Operated Pedestrian Doors. ANSI/BHMA A156.10-1996.
105.2.2 Power-Assist and Low-Energy Power Operated Doors. ANSI/BHMA A156.19-1996.
105.2.3 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. ASME/ANSI A17.1-1993, (including Addenda ASME/ANSI A17.1a-1994 and ASME/ANSI A17.1b-1995)
106.1 General. Terms defined in 106.5 shall have the specified meaning for purposes of this document, unless otherwise stated.
106.2 Terms Defined in Referenced Standards. Terms not defined in this section, but specifically defined in a referenced standard, shall have the specified meaning from the referenced standard, unless otherwise stated.
106.3 Undefined Terms. The meaning of terms not specifically defined in this document or in referenced standards shall be as defined by collegiate dictionaries in the sense that the context implies.
106.4 Interchangeability. Words, terms and phrases used in the singular includes the plural and the plural the singular.
106.5 Defined Terms
Accessible. A site, building, facility, or portion thereof that complies with these guidelines.
Accessible Means of Egress. Means of egress is a continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or facility to a public way. An accessible means of egress is one that provides an accessible route to an area of refuge, a horizontal exit or a public way.
Accessible Route. A continuous unobstructed path that complies with these guidelines.
Addition. An expansion, extension, or increase in the gross floor area of a building or facility.
Administrative Authority. A governmental agency that adopts or enforces regulations and guidelines for the design, construction, or alteration of buildings and facilities.
Alteration. A change to a building or facility that affects or could affect the usability of the building or facility or part thereof. Alterations include, but are not limited to, remodeling, renovation, rehabilitation, reconstruction, historic restoration, changes or rearrangement of the structural parts or elements, and changes or rearrangement in the plan configuration of walls and full-height partitions. Normal maintenance, reroofing, painting or wallpapering, or changes to mechanical and electrical systems are not alterations unless they affect the usability of the building or facility.
Area of Refuge. An area where people who are unable to use stairs may remain temporarily to await further instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation.
Assembly Area. A room or space accommodating a group of individuals for recreational, educational, political, social, or amusement purposes, or for the consumption of food and drink.
Automatic Door. A door equipped with a power-operated mechanism and controls that open and close the door automatically upon receipt of a momentary actuating signal (see power-assisted door).
Building. Any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
Characters: Letters, numbers, punctuation marks and typographic symbols.
Circulation Path. An exterior or interior way of passage from one place to another for pedestrians, including, but not limited to, walks, hallways, courtyards, stairways, and stair landings.
Closed Circuit Telephone. A telephone with a dedicated line such as a house phone, courtesy phone or phone that must be used to gain entrance to a facility.
Common Use. Interior and exterior rooms, spaces, or elements that are made available for the use of a restricted group of people such as the occupants of a homeless shelter, the occupants of an office building, or the guests of such occupants.
Controls and Operating Mechanisms. A component of an element by which the user activates, deactivates, or adjusts the element.
Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of travel (see running slope).
Curb Ramp. A short ramp cutting through a curb or built up to it.
Destination-oriented Elevator. An elevator system that provides lobby controls to select floor stops, lobby indicators designating which elevator to use and a car indicator designating the floors at which the car will stop.
Detectable Warning. A standardized surface feature built in or applied to walking surfaces or other elements to warn visually impaired people of hazards on a circulation path.
Dwelling Unit. A single unit which provides a kitchen or food preparation area, in addition to rooms and spaces for living, bathing and sleeping. Dwelling units include a single family home or a townhouse used as a transient group home; an apartment building used as a shelter; guest rooms in a hotel that provide sleeping accommodations and food preparation areas; and other similar facilities used on a transient basis. For purposes of these guidelines, use of the term dwelling unit does not imply the unit is used as a residence.
Element. An architectural or mechanical component of a building, facility, space, or site.
Entrance. Any access point to a building or portion of a building or facility used for the purpose of entering. An entrance includes the approach walk, the vertical access leading to the entrance platform, the entrance platform itself, vestibule if provided, the entry door or gate, and the hardware of the entry door or gate.
Facility. All or any portion of buildings, structures, site improvements, complexes, equipment, roads, walks, passageways, parking lots, or other real or personal property located on a site.
Ground Floor. Any occupiable floor less than one story above or below grade with direct access to grade. A building or facility always has at least one ground floor and may have more than one ground floor such as where a split level entrance has been provided or where a building is built into a hillside.
Mezzanine. That portion of a story which is an intermediate floor level placed within the story and having occupiable space above and below its floor.
Marked Crossing. A crosswalk or other identified path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular way.
Occupiable. A room or enclosed space designed for human occupancy.
Pictogram: A pictorial symbol which is recognized as representing activities, facilities, or concepts.
Power-assisted Door. A door used for human passage with a mechanism that helps to open the door, or relieves the opening resistance of a door, upon the activation of a switch or a continued force applied to the door itself. (See automatic door.)
Public Entrance. An entrance that is not a service entrance.
Public Use. Interior or exterior rooms or spaces that are made available to the general public. Public use may be provided at a building or facility that is privately or publicly owned.
Qualified Historic Building or Facility. A building or facility that is listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places; or designated as historic under an appropriate State or local law.
Ramp. A walking surface which has a running slope steeper than 1:20.
Running Slope. The slope that is parallel to the direction of travel (see cross slope).
Self-Service Storage Facility. Real property designed and used for the purpose of renting or leasing individual storage spaces to customers for the purpose of storing and removing personal property on a self-service basis.
Service Entrance. An entrance intended primarily for delivery of goods or services.
Sign. An architectural element composed of displayed text, symbolic, tactile or pictorial information.
Site. A parcel of land bounded by a property line or a designated portion of a public right-of- way.
Sleeping Accommodations. Rooms in which people sleep, such as dormitory and hotel or motel guest rooms or suites.
Space. A definable area, such as a room, toilet room, hall, assembly area, entrance, storage room, alcove, courtyard, or lobby.
Story. That portion of a building included between the upper surface of a floor and upper surface of the floor or roof next above. A story containing one or more mezzanines has more than one floor level.
Structural Frame. The columns and the girders, beams, trusses and spandrels having direct connections to the columns and all other members which are essential to the stability of the building as a whole.
Tactile. An object that can be perceived using the sense of touch.
Technically Infeasible. With respect to an alteration of a building or a facility, something that has little likelihood of being accomplished because existing structural conditions would require removing or altering a load-bearing member which is an essential part of the structural frame; or because other existing physical or site constraints prohibit modification or addition of elements, spaces, or features which are in full and strict compliance with the minimum requirements for new construction and which are necessary to provide accessibility.
TTY. Machinery or equipment that employs interactive graphic (typed) communications through the transmission of coded signals across the standard telephone network. The term TTY also refers to devices known as text telephones and TDD's.
Transient Lodging. A building, facility, or portion thereof, excluding inpatient medical care facilities and long term care facilities, that contains one or more dwelling units or sleeping accommodations. Examples of transient lodging include resorts, group homes, hotels, motels, dormitories, homeless shelters, halfway houses and social service lodging.
Vehicular Way. A route intended for vehicular traffic, such as a street, driveway, or parking lot.
Walk. An exterior pathway with a prepared surface intended for pedestrian use, including general pedestrian areas such as plazas and courts.
Wheelchair Space. Space for a single wheelchair and its occupant.
Wheelchair Space Cluster. Locations of two or more adjacent wheelchair spaces along with companion seating in assembly areas.
201.2 Application Based on Building Use. Where a site, building, or facility contains more than one use, each portion shall comply with the applicable requirements for that use.
201.3 Temporary Structures. These guidelines cover temporary buildings and facilities as well as permanent facilities.
202 Application to Existing Buildings and Facilities
202.1 General. Additions and alterations to existing buildings or facilities, including qualified historic buildings and facilities, shall comply with these guidelines except as modified by 202.
202.2 Additions. Each addition to an existing building or facility shall comply with the requirements for new construction. Each addition that affects or could affect the usability of an area containing a primary function shall comply with 202.4.
202.3.1 Prohibited Reduction in Access. An alteration that decreases or has the effect of decreasing the accessibility of a building or facility below the requirements for new construction at the time of alteration is prohibited.
202.3.2 Extent of Application. An alteration of an existing element, space, or area of a building or facility shall not impose a requirement for greater accessibility than that which would be required for new construction.
202.5.1 Procedures for Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities Subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Where alterations are undertaken to a qualified historic building or facility that is subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, the Federal agency with jurisdiction over the undertaking shall follow the Section 106 process. Where the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory Council on Historic Preservation determines that compliance with the requirements for accessible routes, ramps, entrances, or toilet facilities would threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building or facility, the alternative requirements for that element shall apply.
202.5.2 Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities Not Subject to Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Where alterations are undertaken to a qualified historic building or facility that is not subject to section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and the entity undertaking the alterations believes that compliance with the requirements for accessible routes, ramps, entrances, or toilet facilities would threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building or facility, the entity shall consult with the State Historic Preservation Officer. Where the State Historic Preservation Officer determines that compliance with the accessibility requirements for accessible routes, ramps, entrances or toilet facilities would threaten or destroy the historical significance of the building or facility, the alternative requirements for that element shall apply.
202.5.2.1 Consultation With Interested Persons. Interested persons shall be invited to participate in the consultation process, including State or local accessibility officials, individuals with disabilities, and organizations representing individuals with disabilities.
202.5.2.2 Certified Local Government Historic Preservation Programs. Where the State Historic Preservation Officer has delegated the consultation responsibility for purposes of this section to a local government historic preservation program that has been certified in accordance with section 101(c) of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470a (c)) and implementing regulations (36 CFR 61.5), the responsibility shall be permitted to be carried out by the appropriate local government body or official.
203.1 General. Sites, buildings, facilities and elements shall be exempt from these guidelines to the extent specified by 203.
203.2 Construction Sites. Structures, sites and equipment directly associated with the actual processes of construction, including, but not limited to scaffolding, bridging, materials hoists, materials storage, or construction trailers are not required to be accessible. Portable toilet units provided for use exclusively by construction personnel on a construction site are not required to be accessible.
203.3 Employee Work Stations. Individual employee work stations are not required to be accessible but shall be located on an accessible route.
203.4 Raised Areas. Raised areas used primarily for purposes of security, life safety, or fire safety, including but not limited to observation galleries, prison guard towers, fire towers, or life guard stands are not required to be accessible or to be served by an accessible route.
203.5 Limited Access Spaces. Spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, very narrow passageways, or tunnels are not required to be accessible.
203.6 Equipment Spaces. Spaces frequented only by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or occasional monitoring of equipment are not required to be accessible. Such spaces include but are not limited to elevator pits, elevator penthouses, mechanical, electrical, or communications equipment rooms, piping or equipment catwalks, water or sewage treatment pump rooms and stations, electric substations and transformer vaults, and highway and tunnel utility facilities.
203.7 Single Occupant Structures. Single occupant structures accessed only by passageways below grade or elevated above grade, including but not limited to toll booths that are accessed only by underground tunnels, are not required to be accessible.
204.1 General. Protruding objects on circulation paths shall comply with 307.
205 Controls and Operating Mechanisms
205.1 General. Controls and operating mechanisms on accessible routes and in accessible rooms and spaces shall comply with 309.
206.1 General. Accessible routes shall be provided in accordance with 206.
206.2 Where Required. Accessible routes shall be provided where required by 206.2.1 through 206.2.7 and shall comply with Chapter 4.
206.2.3.1 Stairs and Escalators in Existing Buildings. In alterations and additions, where an escalator or stair is provided where none existed previously and major structural modifications are necessary for such installation, an accessible route shall be provided between the levels served by the escalator or stair, unless exempted by 206.2.3.
206.2.6 Performance Areas. An accessible route shall be provided where a circulation path directly connects a performance area to an assembly seating area. An accessible route shall be provided from performance areas to ancillary areas or facilities used by performers. In alterations, where it is technically infeasible to alter all performance areas to be on an accessible route, at least one of each type of performance area shall be made accessible.
206.2.7 Raised Platforms. In banquet rooms or spaces where a head table or speaker's lectern is located on a raised platform, an accessible route shall be provided to the platform. Open edges of the raised platform shall be obstructed by placement of tables or provided with edge protection complying with 405.9.
206.3 Location. Accessible routes shall coincide with or be located in the same area as a general circulation path. Where the circulation path is interior, the accessible route shall also be interior.
206.4.1 Parking Garage Entrances. Where direct access to a building is provided for pedestrians from an enclosed parking garage, at least one direct entrance from the garage to the building shall be accessible.
206.4.2 Entrances from Tunnels or Elevated Walkways. Where direct access is provided for pedestrians from a pedestrian tunnel or elevated walkway to a building, at least one direct entrance to the building from each tunnel or walkway shall be accessible.
206.4.3 Public Entrances. In addition to accessible entrances required by 206.4.1 and 206.4.2, at least 50 percent of all other public entrances shall be accessible. At least one accessible entrance shall be a ground floor entrance.
206.4.4 Tenant Spaces. At least one accessible entrance shall be provided to each tenancy in a facility.
206.4.5 Service Entrances. If a service entrance is the only entrance to a building or to a tenancy in a facility, that entrance shall be accessible.
206.4.6 Signs. Where not all entrances are accessible, accessible entrances shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 703.7 and directional signs indicating the location of the nearest accessible entrance shall be provided at inaccessible entrances. Directional signs shall comply with 703.4. No signs are required where all entrances are accessible.
206.5 Doors and Doorways. Accessible doors and doorways shall be provided in accordance with 206.5.1 and 206.5.2 and shall comply with 404.
206.5.1 Accessible Entrances. Each accessible entrance to a building or facility shall have at least one accessible door or doorway.
206.5.2 Accessible Rooms and Spaces. Within a building or facility, at least one door or doorway serving each accessible room or space shall be accessible.
206.6.1 Existing Elevators. Altered elements of existing elevators shall comply with 407.5. Such elements shall also be altered in all elevators that are programmed to respond to the same hall call control as the altered elevator and shall comply with the requirements of 407.5.
206.7 Wheelchair (Platform) Lifts. Wheelchair (platform) lifts shall be permitted as a component of an accessible route in new construction as permitted by 206.7.1 through 206.7.3, and shall comply with 408. Wheelchair (platform) lifts provided as a component of an accessible route in an existing building shall comply with 408.
206.7.1 Performance Areas. Wheelchair (platform) lifts shall be permitted to provide an accessible route to a performance area in an assembly occupancy.
206.7.2 Wheelchair Spaces. Wheelchair (platform) lifts shall be permitted to comply with the wheelchair space dispersion and line-of-sight requirements of 221 and 802.
206.7.3 Incidental Spaces. Wheelchair (platform) lifts shall be permitted to provide an accessible route to incidental occupiable spaces and rooms which are not open to the general public and which are occupied by five persons maximum, including but not limited to equipment control rooms and projection booths.
207 Accessible Means of Egress
207.2 Elevators. In buildings where a required accessible floor is four or more stories above or below a level of exit discharge, at least one required accessible means of egress shall be an elevator complying with 409.3.
207.3 Signs. At exit stairways and elevators serving a required accessible space, but not serving as an accessible means of egress, directional signs indicating the location of accessible means of egress shall be provided. Such signs shall comply with 703.4.
208.1 General. Where parking spaces are provided, accessible parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with 208.
208.2 Number Required. Accessible parking spaces shall be provided in accordance with Table 208.2, except as required by 208.2.1, and shall comply with 502.
| Total Number of Parking Spaces | Minimum Required Number of Accessible Spaces |
|---|---|
| 1 to 25 | 1 |
| 26 to 50 | 2 |
| 51 to 75 | 3 |
| 76 to 100 | 4 |
| 101 to 150 | 5 |
| 151 to 200 | 6 |
| 201 to 300 | 7 |
| 301 to 400 | 8 |
| 401 to 500 | 9 |
| 501 to 1000 | 2 percent of total |
| 1001 and over | 20, plus 1 for each 100 over 1000 |
208.2.1 Rehabilitation Facilities and Outpatient Physical Therapy Facilities. Twenty percent of patient and visitor parking spaces provided at rehabilitation facilities and outpatient physical therapy facilities shall be accessible.
208.2.2 Van Parking Spaces. For every eight or fraction of eight accessible parking spaces required by 208.2 and 208.2.1, at least one shall be a van parking space complying with 502.
209.1 General. Where passenger loading zones are provided, they shall comply with 503.
209.2 Medical Facilities. A passenger loading zone shall be provided at an accessible entrance to licensed medical and long-term care facilities where people receive physical or medical treatment or care and where the period of stay exceeds 24 hours.
209.3 Valet Parking: Valet parking services shall provide a passenger loading zone.
210.2 Required Alterations. Where stair alterations are required by building and safety codes to correct unsafe conditions, the alteration shall comply with 504 unless technically infeasible or exempted by 210.1.
211 Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers
211.1 General. Where fixed drinking fountains or water coolers are provided, at least 50%, but not less than one, of such units provided on each floor shall comply with 602.
213 Toilet and Bathing Facilities
213.1 General. Where toilet or bathing facilities are provided, they shall comply with 213. Where toilet or bathing facilities are provided on an inaccessible level, toilet and bathing facilities shall also be provided on an accessible level.
213.2.1 Unisex Toilet and Bathing Rooms. A unisex toilet room shall comply with 603, shall contain one water closet and one lavatory, and the door shall have a privacy latch. A unisex bathing room shall comply with 603 and shall contain at least one shower or bathtub.
213.2.2 Signs. Where existing toilet or bathing rooms are altered and not made accessible, directional signs indicating the location of the nearest accessible toilet or bathing room within the facility shall be provided. Such signs shall comply with 703.4 and shall include the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 703.7. Where existing toilet or bathing rooms are altered and not made accessible, the accessible toilet or bathing room shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 703.7.
213.3 Fixtures and Accessories. Plumbing fixtures and accessories provided in toilet or bathing rooms required to be accessible by 213.2 shall comply with 213.3.1 through 213.3.7.
213.3.1 Toilet Compartments. Where toilet compartments are provided, at least one shall be a wheelchair accessible compartment complying with 604.8.1. Where six or more toilet compartments are provided, an ambulatory accessible compartment complying with 604.8.2 shall be provided in addition to the compartment complying with 604.8.1. Water closets in such compartments shall comply with 604.
213.3.2 Water Closets. Where water closets are provided, but are not in toilet compartments, at least one shall comply with 604.
213.3.3 Urinals. Where urinals are provided, at least one shall comply with 605.
213.3.4 Lavatories. Where lavatories are provided, at least one shall comply with 606. Where only one accessible lavatory is provided, it shall not be located in a toilet compartment.
213.3.5 Mirrors. Where mirrors are provided, at least one shall comply with 603.3.
213.3.6 Controls and Dispensers. Where controls, dispensers, receptacles or other equipment is provided, at least one of each type shall comply with 309.
213.3.7 Bathing Facilities. Where bathtubs or showers are provided, at least one bathtub complying with 607 or at least one shower complying with 608 shall be provided.
214.1 General. Where washing machines or clothes dryers are provided in spaces required to be accessible, at least one of each type shall comply with 611.
216.1 General. Signs shall be provided in accordance with 216 and shall comply with 703.
216.2 Permanent Designations. Where exterior signs are provided as permanent designations of permanent interior rooms and spaces at the door to the space they serve, the signs shall be tactile and shall comply with 703.2. Where interior signs are provided as permanent designations of permanent interior rooms and spaces, the signs shall be tactile and shall comply with 703.2. Where pictograms are provided as permanent designations of permanent interior rooms and spaces, the pictograms shall comply with 703.6 and shall have tactile text descriptors complying with 703.2.
216.4 Exit Doors. Exit doors shall be identified by tactile signs complying with 703.2.
217.1 General. Where public pay telephones, public closed-circuit telephones, or other types of public telephones are provided, accessible public telephones shall be provided in accordance with 217 for each type of public telephone provided. For purposes of this section, a bank of telephones shall be considered two or more adjacent telephones.
217.2 Wheelchair Accessible Telephones. Where public telephones are provided, wheelchair accessible telephones complying with 704.2 shall be provided in accordance with Table 217.2.
| No. of Telephones on a Floor or Level | Minimum No. Wheelchair Accessible Telephones |
|---|---|
| 1 or more single unit | 1 per floor or level |
| 1 bank | 1 per floor or level |
| 2 or more banks | 1 per bank 1 |
Note.
217.4 TTYs. TTYs complying with 704.4 shall be provided in accordance with 217.4.1 through 217.4.8.
217.4.2 Floor Requirement. Where four or more public pay telephones are provided on a floor of a building, at least one public TTY shall be provided on that floor.
217.4.3 Building Requirement. Where four or more public pay telephones are provided in a building, at least one public TTY shall be provided in the building.
217.4.4 Site Requirement. Where four or more public pay telephones are provided on a site, at least one public TTY shall be provided on the site.
217.4.5 Rest Stops, Emergency Roadstops, and Service Plazas. Where a public pay telephone is provided at a public rest stop, emergency roadstop or service plaza, at least one public TTY shall be provided.
217.4.6 Hospitals. Where a public pay telephone is provided in or adjacent to a hospital emergency room, hospital recovery room, or hospital waiting room, at least one public TTY shall be provided at each such location.
217.4.7 Transportation Facilities. Transportation facilities shall be provided with TTYs in accordance with 1003.2.6 and 1004.2 in addition to the TTYs required by 217.4.1 through 217.4.4.
217.4.8 Signs. Public TTYs shall be identified by the International Symbol of TTY complying with 703.7. Directional signs indicating the location of the nearest public TTY shall be provided at all banks of public pay telephones not containing a public TTY. Such signs shall comply with 703.4 and shall include the International Symbol of TTY complying with 703.7.
217.5 Shelves for Portable TTYs. Where a bank of telephones in the interior of a building consists of three or more public pay telephones, at least one public pay telephone at the bank shall be provided with a shelf and an electrical outlet in accordance with 704.5.
218.1 General. Transportation facilities shall comply with Chapter 10.
219 Assistive Listening Systems
219.1 General. Assistive listening systems shall be provided in accordance with 219 and shall comply with 706.
219.2 Required Systems. Assembly areas having fixed seating shall have an assistive listening system where the area is equipped with an audio amplification system or the area has a capacity of 50 or more persons. Other assembly areas shall have an assistive listening system, or an adequate number of electrical outlets or other supplementary wiring necessary to support a portable assistive listening system.
219.3 Receivers. Receivers complying with 706.4 shall be provided for assistive listening systems in accordance with Table 219.3. Twenty five percent of receivers, but not less than two, shall be hearing aid compatible in accordance with 706.5.
| Fixed Seating in Assembly Area | Minimum Required Number of Receivers |
| 50 or less | 2 |
| 51 to 500 | 2, plus 4 for each total seating capacity increase of 100 above 51 |
| 501 to 1000 | 20, plus 3 for each total seating capacity increase of 100 above 501 |
| 1001 to 2000 | 35, plus 2 for each total seating capacity increase of 100 above 1001 |
| over 2000 | 55, plus 1 for each total seating capacity increase of 100 above 2000 |
219.4 Signs. Where assistive listening systems are provided, signs shall be provided to inform patrons of the availability of the system. The signs shall be located at ticket offices or windows, where ticket offices or windows are provided. The signs shall comply with 703.4 and shall include the International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss complying with 703.7.
220 Automatic Teller Machines and Fare Machines
220.1 General. Where automatic teller machines or self-service fare vending, collection, or adjustment machines are provided, at least one machine of each type at each location where such machines are provided shall comply with 707. Where bins are provided for envelopes, waste paper, or other purposes, at least one of each type shall comply with 905.
221 Wheelchair Spaces in Assembly Seating
221.1 General. In assembly seating areas, accessible wheelchair spaces shall be provided in accordance with 221.
221.2 Number Required. Accessible wheelchair spaces shall be provided in accordance with Table 221.2 and shall comply with 802.
| Assembly Area Seating Capacity | Minimum Required Number of Wheelchair Spaces |
| 50 or less | 2 |
| 51 to 100 | 4 |
| 101 to 300 | 5 |
| 301 to 500 | 6 |
| over 500 | 6, plus 1 additional space for each total seating capacity increase of 200 |
| Assembly Area Seating Capacity | Minimum No. of Wheelchair Space Clusters |
| up to 300 | 1 |
| 301 to 600 | 2 |
| 601 to 900 | 3 |
| 901 to 1500 | 4 |
| 1501 to 2100 | 5 |
| 2101 to 3000 | 6 |
| over 3000 | 6 plus 1 additional cluster for each 1000 seats or portion thereof. |
221.4 Dispersion of Wheelchair Space Clusters.
221.4.1 General. Dispersion of wheelchair space clusters shall be based on the availability of accessible routes to various seating areas including seating at various levels in multi-level facilities.
221.4.3 Separation Between Clusters. Wheelchair space clusters shall be separated by a minimum of five intervening rows or by a minimum of ten intervening seats. Wheelchair spaces within any one wheelchair space cluster shall not be separated by an intervening row, nor by more than two intervening seats, nor by more than a 7-inch (180 mm) vertical level change.
222 Dressing, Fitting and Locker Rooms
223 Medical Care Facility Patient or Resident Sleeping Rooms
223.1 General. In licensed medical and long-term care facilities where people receive physical or medical treatment or care and where the period of stay exceeds twenty-four hours, accessible patient or resident sleeping rooms shall be provided in accordance with 223 and shall comply with 804.
223.1.1 Alterations. Where sleeping rooms are altered or added, the requirements of 223 shall apply only to the sleeping rooms being altered or added.
223.2 Hospitals. In general purpose hospitals, psychiatric facilities and detoxification facilities, at least 10 percent, but not less than one, of the patient sleeping rooms shall be accessible.
223.3 Rehabilitation Facilities. In hospitals and rehabilitation facilities that specialize in treating conditions that affect mobility, and in units within hospitals and rehabilitation facilities which specialize in treating conditions that affect mobility, 100 percent of the patient sleeping rooms shall be accessible.
223.4 Long Term Care Facilities. In long term care facilities, at least 50 percent, but not less than one, of the resident sleeping rooms shall be accessible.
224 Transient Lodging Guest Rooms
224.1 General. Transient lodging facilities shall provide guest rooms in accordance with 224.
224.1.1 Alterations. Where guest rooms are altered or added, the requirements of 224 shall apply only to the guest rooms being altered or added.
224.1.2 Guest Room Doors and Doorways. Entrance and passage doors and doorways into and within all guest rooms shall provide clear width complying with 404.2.3.
224.2 Accessible Guest Rooms. In transient lodging facilities, accessible guest rooms shall be provided in accordance with Table 224.2 and shall comply with 805.2.
| Total Guest Rooms | Number of Accessible Rooms W/o Roll-in Showers |
Number of Accessible Rooms W/ Roll-in Showers |
Total Required Accessible Rooms |
| 1 to 25 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 26 to 50 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 51 to 75 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| 76 to 100 | 4 | 1 | 5 |
| 101 to 150 | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 151 to 200 | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 201 to 300 | 7 | 3 | 10 |
| 301 to 400 | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 401 to 500 | 9 | 4 | 13 |
| 501 to 1000 | 2% of total | 1% of total | 3% of total |
| 1001 and over | 20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000 | 10 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000 | 30 plus 2 for each 100 over 1000 |
224.3 Accessible Beds. In rooms or spaces having four or more beds, the number of beds in the room or space required to have clear floor space complying with 805.2.3 shall comply with Table 224.3
| Total Beds in a Guest Room | Minimum Number of Accessible Beds |
| 4 to 25 | 1 |
| 26 to 50 | 2 |
| 51 to 75 | 4 |
| 76 to 100 | 5 |
| 101 to 150 | 7 |
| 151 to 200 | 8 |
| 201 to 300 | 10 |
| 301 to 400 | 12 |
| 401 to 500 | 13 |
| 501 to 1000 | 3% of total |
| 1001 and over | 30 plus 2 for each 100 over 1000 |
224.4 Communication Features. In transient lodging facilities, guest rooms with accessible communication features shall be provided in accordance with Table 224.4 and shall comply with 805.3.
| Total Guest Rooms Provided | Minimum Guest Rooms with Accessible Communication Features |
| 1 to 25 | 2 |
| 26 to 50 | 4 |
| 51 to 75 | 7 |
| 76 to 100 | 9 |
| 101 to 150 | 12 |
| 151 to 200 | 14 |
| 201 to 300 | 17 |
| 301 to 400 | 20 |
| 401 to 500 | 22 |
| 501 to 1000 | 5% of total |
| 1001 and over | 50 plus 3 for each 100 over 1000 |
224.5 Dispersion. Guest rooms required to comply with 805.2 and 805.3 shall be dispersed among the various classes of guest rooms.
225 Self-Service Storage Facilities
225.1 General. Self-service storage facilities shall provide accessible individual self-storage spaces in accordance with Table 225.1.
| Total Spaces in Facility | Minimum Number of Required Accessible Spaces |
| 1 to 200 | 5%, but not less than 1 |
| 201 and over | 10, plus 2% of total number of units over 200 |
225.2 Dispersion. Accessible individual self-service storage spaces shall be dispersed throughout the various classes of spaces provided. Where more classes of spaces are provided than the number of required accessible spaces, the number of accessible spaces shall not be required to exceed that required by Table 225.1. Accessible spaces shall be permitted to be dispersed in a single building of a multi-building facility.
226 Seating at Tables, Counters and Work Surfaces
226.1 General. Where seating at fixed or built-in tables, counters or work surfaces is provided in accessible spaces, at least five percent, but not less than one, of the seating shall comply with 902.
226.2 Dining Counters. Where food or drink is served for consumption at counters exceeding 34 inches (865 mm) in height, a 60 inch (1525 mm) minimum length portion of the counter shall comply with 902, or service shall be provided at accessible tables in the same area.
226.3 Dispersion. In new construction, and where practicable in alterations, accessible fixed or built-in seating at tables, counters or work surfaces shall be distributed throughout the space or facility containing such elements.
227 Sales and Service Counters
227.1 General. Where sales and service counters are provided, they shall be accessible in accordance with 227.
| Total Check-out Aisles of Each Function | Minimum Accessible Check-out Aisles of Each Function |
| 1-4 | 1 |
| 5-8 | 2 |
| 9-15 | 3 |
| over 15 | 3, plus 20% of additional aisles |
227.2.1 Identification. Accessible check-out aisles shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility complying with 703.7, unless all check-out aisles in the facility are accessible. The sign shall be above the check-out aisle in the same location as the check-out aisle number or type of check-out identification.
227.4 Food Service Lines. Food service lines shall comply with 904.5. Where self-service shelves are provided, at least 50 percent, but not less than one, of each type provided shall comply with 308.
227.5 Queue and Waiting Lines. Queue and waiting lines servicing accessible counters or check-out aisles shall comply with 403.
228.1 General. Where fixed or built-in storage elements such as cabinets, shelves, medicine cabinets, closets, and drawers are provided in accessible spaces, at least one of each type shall comply with 905.
228.2 Lockers. Where lockers are provided in accessible spaces, at least five percent, but not less than one, of each type shall comply with 905.
228.3 Shelving and Display Units. Self-service shelves and display units in mercantile occupancies and shelving in stack areas of libraries shall be located on an accessible route complying with 402. Such shelving and display units shall not be required to comply with reach range provisions of 308.
228.4 Coat Hooks and Folding Shelves. Where coat hooks or folding shelves are provided in inaccessible toilet rooms, toilet compartments, or in dressing, fitting or locker rooms, at least one of each type shall be provided in accessible toilet rooms, toilet compartments and dressing, fitting and locker rooms.
228.5 Displays in Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities. In alterations to qualified historic buildings and facilities, where alternative requirements of 202.5 are permitted, displays and written information shall be located where they can be seen by a seated person. Exhibits and sign displayed horizontally shall be 44 inches (1120 mm) maximum above the floor.
229 Vending Machines and Similar Equipment
229.1 General. In restaurants and cafeterias, spaces for vending machines and similar equipment shall comply with 304 , 305 and 308.
301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter apply where required by Chapter 2 or by Chapters 4 through 10.
302.1 General. Floor and ground surfaces shall be stable, firm, and slip resistant and shall comply with 302.
302.2 Carpet. Carpet or carpet tile shall be securely attached and shall have a firm cushion, pad, or backing or no cushion or pad. Carpet or carpet tile shall have a level loop, textured loop, level cut pile, or level cut/uncut pile texture. Pile height shall be 1/2 inch (13 mm) maximum. Exposed edges of carpet shall be fastened to floor surfaces and shall have trim along the entire length of the exposed edge. Carpet edge trim shall comply with 303.
302.3 Openings. Openings in floor or ground surfaces shall be of a size that does not permit passage of a 1/2 inch (13 mm) diameter sphere, except as allowed in 407 and 408. Elongated openings shall be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel.
303.1 General. Where changes in level are permitted in floor or ground surfaces, they shall comply with 303.
303.2 Vertical. Changes in level of 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) high maximum shall be permitted to be vertical.
303.3 Beveled. Changes in level between 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) high minimum and 1/2 inch (13 mm) high maximum shall be beveled with a slope not steeper than 1:2.
303.4 Ramps. Changes in level greater than 1/2 inch (13 mm) high shall be ramped, and shall comply with 405 or 406.
304.1 General. Wheelchair turning space shall comply with 304.
304.2 Floor or Ground Surface. Floor or ground surfaces of a wheelchair turning space shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 and shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
304.3 Size. Wheelchair turning space shall comply with 304.3.1 or 304.3.2.
304.3.1 Circular Space. The wheelchair turning space shall be a space of 60 inches (1525 mm) diameter minimum. The space shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with 306.
304.3.2 T-shaped Space. The wheelchair turning space shall be a T-shaped space within a 60-inch (1525 mm) minimum square with arms and base 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum. Each arm of the T shall be clear of obstructions 12 inches (305 mm) minimum in each direction and the base shall be clear of obstructions 24 inches (610 mm) minimum. Such space shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with 306 only at the end of either the base or one arm.
304.4 Doors. Unless otherwise specified, doors shall not be prohibited from swinging into a wheelchair turning space.
305 Clear Floor or Ground Space
305.1 General. Clear floor or ground space shall comply with 305.
305.2 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Floor or ground surfaces of a clear floor or ground space shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 and shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
305.3 Size. The clear floor or ground space shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum by 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum.
305.4 Knee and Toe Clearance. Unless otherwise specified, clear floor or ground space shall be permitted to include knee and toe clearance complying with 306.
305.5 Position. Unless otherwise specified, clear floor or ground space shall be positioned for either forward or parallel approach to an element.
305.6 Approach. One full unobstructed side of the clear floor or ground space shall adjoin or overlap an accessible route or adjoin another clear floor or ground space.
305.7 Maneuvering Clearance. Where a clear floor or ground space is located in an alcove or otherwise confined on all or part of three sides, additional maneuvering clearance complying with 305 shall be provided in accordance with 305.7.1 and 305.7.2.
305.7.1 Forward Approach. Where the depth of the alcove or other restriction exceeds 24 inches (610 mm), the width of the clear floor space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.
305.7.2 Parallel Approach. Where the depth of the alcove or other restriction exceeds 15 inches (380 mm), the length of the clear floor space shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.
306.1 General. Where space beneath an object is included as part of clear floor or ground space or wheelchair turning space, the space shall comply with 306. Additional space shall not be prohibited beneath an object; however, such additional space shall not be considered as part of the clear floor or ground space or wheelchair turning space.
306.2.1 General. Space under an object between the floor or ground and 9 inches (230 mm) above the floor or ground shall be considered toe clearance and shall comply with 306.2.
306.2.2 Maximum Depth. Toe clearance shall extend 25 inches (635 mm) maximum under an object.
306.2.3 Minimum Required Depth. Where toe clearance is required at an element as part of a clear floor space, the toe clearance shall extend 17 inches (430 mm) minimum beneath the element.
306.2.4 Additional Clearance. Space extending greater than 6 inches (150 mm) beyond the available knee clearance at 9 inches (230 mm) above the floor or ground shall not be considered toe clearance.
306.2.5 Width. Toe clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum in width.
306.3.1 General. Space under an object between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) above the floor or ground shall be considered knee clearance and shall comply with 306.3.
306.3.2 Maximum Depth. Knee clearance shall extend 25 inches (635 mm) maximum under an object at 9 inches (230 mm) above the floor or ground.
306.3.3 Minimum Required Depth. Where knee clearance is required beneath an element as part of a clear floor space, the knee clearance shall be 11 inches (280 mm) minimum in depth at 9 inches (230 mm) above the floor or ground, and 8 inches (205 mm) minimum in depth at 27 inches (685 mm) above the floor or ground.
306.3.4 Clearance Reduction. Between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) above the floor or ground, the knee clearance shall be permitted to reduce at a rate of 1 inch (25 mm) for each 6 inches (150 mm) in height.
306.3.5 Width. Knee clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum in width.
307.1 General. Protruding objects shall comply with 307.
307.4 Reduced Vertical Clearance. Guardrails or other barriers shall be provided where the vertical clearance is less than 80 inches (2030 mm) high. The leading edge of such guardrail or barrier shall be located 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the floor or ground.
307.5 Required Clear Width. Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear width required for accessible routes.
308.1 General. Reach ranges shall comply with 308.
308.2.1 Unobstructed. Where a clear floor or ground space allows only a forward approach to an object and is unobstructed, the high forward reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum and the low forward reach shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum above the floor or ground.
308.2.2 Obstructed High Reach. Where a clear floor or ground space allows only a forward approach to an object and the high forward reach is over an obstruction, the clear floor space shall extend beneath the object for a distance not less than the required reach depth over the obstruction. The high forward reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 20 inches (510 mm) maximum. Where the reach depth exceeds 20 inches (510 mm), the high forward reach shall be 44 inches (1120 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 25 inches (635 mm) maximum.
308.3.1 Unobstructed. Where a clear floor or ground space allows a parallel approach to an object and the depth of any obstruction between the clear floor or ground space and the object is 10 inches (255 mm) maximum, the high side reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum and the low side reach shall be 15 inches (380 mm) minimum above the floor or ground.
308.3.2 Obstructed High Reach. Where a clear floor or ground space allows a parallel approach to an object and the high side reach is over an obstruction, the height of the obstruction shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum and the depth of the obstruction shall be 24 inches (610 mm) maximum. The high side reach shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 10 inches (255 mm) maximum. Where the reach depth exceeds 10 inches (255 mm), the high side reach shall be 46 inches (1170 mm) maximum for a reach depth of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum.
309 Controls and Operating Mechanisms
309.1 General. Controls and operating mechanisms shall comply with 309.
309.2 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor or ground space complying with 305 shall be provided.
309.4 Operation. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate controls and operating mechanisms shall be 5 lb (22.2 N) maximum.
401.1 Scope. Accessible routes and accessible means of egress required by Chapter 2 shall comply with the applicable provisions of this chapter.
402.1 General. Accessible routes shall comply with 402.
402.2 Components. Accessible routes shall consist of one or more of the following components: Walking surfaces with a slope not steeper than 1:20, doorways, ramps, elevators and platform (wheelchair) lifts. All components of an accessible route shall comply with the applicable portions of this chapter.
403.1 General. Walking surfaces that are a part of an accessible route shall comply with 403.
403.2 Floor or Ground Surface. Floor or ground surfaces shall comply with 302.
403.3 Slope. The running slope of walking surfaces shall be not steeper than 1:20. The cross slope of walking surfaces shall not be steeper than 1:48.
403.4 Changes in Level. Changes in level shall comply with 303.
403.5.1 Clear Width at Turn. Where the accessible route makes a 180 degree turn around an object which is less than 48 inches (1220 mm) wide, clear width shall be 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum approaching the turn, 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum during the turn and 42 inches (1065 mm) leaving the turn.
403.5.2 Passing Spaces. An accessible route with a clear width less than 60 inches (1525 mm) shall provide passing spaces at intervals of 200 feet (61 m) maximum. Passing spaces shall be either a 60 inch (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inch (1525 mm) minimum space, or an intersection of two walking surfaces which provide a T-shaped space complying with 304.
403.5.3 Protruding Objects. Protruding objects shall comply with 307. Protruding objects shall not reduce the required clear width.
404.1 General. Doors and doorways that are part of an accessible route shall comply with 404.
404.2 Manual Doors and Doorways. Manual doors and doorways and manual gates, including ticket gates, shall comply with 404.2.1 through 404.2.11.
404.2.1 Revolving Doors and Turnstiles. Revolving doors and revolving turnstiles shall not be part of an accessible route.
404.2.2 Double-Leaf Doors. At least one of the active leaves of doorways with two independently operated leaves shall comply with 404.2.3 and 404.2.4.
404.2.4 Maneuvering Clearances.
404.2.4.1 Swinging Doors. Approaches to swinging doors shall have maneuvering clearances complying with Table 404.2.4.1.
| TYPE OF USE | MINIMUM MANEUVERING CLEARANCE 1 | ||
| Approach Direction | Door Side | Perpendicular to Doorway | Parallel to Doorway 2 (beyond latch side unless noted) |
| From front | Pull | 60 inches (1525 mm) | 18 inches (455 mm) |
| From front | Push | 48 inches (1220 mm) | 0 inches (0 mm) 3 |
| From hinge side | Pull | 60 inches (1525 mm) | 36 inches (915 mm) |
| From hinge side | Pull | 54 inches (1370 mm) | 42 inches (1065 mm) |
| From hinge side | Push | 42 inches (1065 mm) 4 | 22 inches (560 mm) beyond hinge side |
| From latch side | Pull | 48 inches (1220 mm) 5 | 24 inches (610 mm) |
| From latch side | Push | 42 inches (1065 mm) 5 | 24 inches (610 mm) |
404.2.4.2 Doorways without Doors, Sliding Doors and Folding Doors. Approaches to doorways without doors which are less than 36 inches (915 mm) wide and approaches to sliding and folding doors shall have maneuvering clearances complying with Table 404.2.4.2.
| MINIMUM MANEUVERING CLEARANCE1 | ||
| Approach Direction | Perpendicular to Doorway | Parallel to Doorway 2 (beyond stop/latch side unless noted) |
| From Front | 48 inches (1220 mm) | 0 inches ( 0 mm) |
| From side (doorway with no door only) | 42 inches (1065 mm) | 0 inches (0 mm) |
| From pocket/hinge side | 42 inches (1065 mm) | 22 inches (560 mm) beyond pocket/hinge side |
| From stop/latch side | 42 inches(1065 mm) | 24 inches (610 mm) |
404.2.4.3 Doors in Alcoves. Doors in alcoves where the plane of the doorway is offset more than 8 inches (205 mm) from the plane of the wall shall provide maneuvering clearances for front approach.
404.2.4.4 Floor or Ground Surface. Floor or ground surface within required maneuvering clearances shall have a slope of 1:48 maximum and shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
404.2.6 Two Doors in Series. The distance between two hinged or pivoted doors in series shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum plus the width of any door swinging into the space. Doors in series shall swing either in the same direction or away from the space between the doors.
404.2.8.1 Door Closers. Door closers shall be adjusted so that from an open position of 90 degrees, the time required to move the door to an open position of 12 degrees is 5 seconds minimum.
404.2.8.2 Spring Hinges. Door spring hinges shall be adjusted so that from the open position of 70 degrees, the door shall move to the closed position in 1.5 seconds minimum, measured under ambient conditions.
404.2.9 Door Opening Force. Fire doors shall have a minimum opening force allowable by the appropriate administrative authority. The required force for pushing or pulling open a door other than fire doors shall be as follows:
These forces do not apply to the force required to retract latch bolts or disengage other devices that hold the door in a closed position.
404.2.11 Vision Lites. Doors, and sidelites adjacent to doors, containing one or more glazing panels that permit viewing through the panels shall have the bottom of at least one glazed panel located 43 inches (1090 mm) maximum above the floor.
404.3 Automatic Doors. Automatic doors and automatic gates shall comply with 404.3.1 through 404.3.6. Full-powered automatic doors shall comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.10. Low-energy and power- assisted doors shall comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.19.
404.3.1 Clear Width. Doorways shall have a clear opening of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum in power- on and power-failure mode. The minimum clear width for automatic door systems shall be based on the clear opening provided by all leafs in the open position.
404.3.2 Maneuvering Clearance. Clearances at power-assisted doors shall comply with 404.2.4.
404.3.3 Thresholds. Thresholds and changes in level at doorways shall comply with 404.2.5.
404.3.4 Two Doors in Series. Doors in series shall comply with 404.2.6.
404.3.5 Controls and Operating Mechanisms. Control switches shall comply with 309.
404.3.6 Signs. Labels and warnings for automatic doors shall comply with 703.4.
405.1 General. Walking surfaces on accessible routes with a running slope steeper than 1:20 are ramps and shall comply with 405.
| Slope 1 | Maximum Rise |
| Steeper than 1:10 but not steeper than 1:8 | 3 inches (75 mm) |
| Steeper than 1:12 but not steeper than 1:10 | 6 inches (150 mm) |
405.3 Cross Slope. Cross slope of ramp runs shall not be steeper than 1:48.
405.4 Floor or Ground Surfaces. Floor or ground surfaces of ramp runs shall comply with 302. Changes in level other than the running slope and cross slope are not permitted on ramp runs.
405.5 Clear Width. The clear width of a ramp run and the clear width between handrails, if provided, shall be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum.
405.6 Rise. The rise for any ramp run shall be 30 inches (760 mm) maximum.
405.7 Landings. Ramps shall have landings at bottom and top of each ramp run. Landings shall comply with 405.7.1 through 405.7.5.
405.7.1 Slope. Landings shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48 and shall comply with 302. Changes in level are not permitted.
405.7.2 Width. The landing shall be at least as wide as the widest ramp run leading to the landing.
405.7.3 Length. The landing length shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.
405.7.4 Change in Direction. Ramps that change direction between runs at landings shall have a 60 inch (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inch (1525 mm) minimum landing.
405.7.5 Doorways. Where doorways are located adjacent to a ramp landing, maneuvering clearances required by 404.2.4 and 404.3.2 shall be permitted to overlap the required landing area.
405.8 Handrails. Ramp runs with a rise greater than 6 inches (150 mm) shall have handrails complying with 505.
405.9.1 Extended Floor or Ground Surface. The floor or ground surface of the ramp run or landing shall extend 12 inches (305 mm) minimum beyond the inside face of a handrail complying with 505.
405.9.2 Guard, Curb or Barrier. A guard, curb or barrier shall be provided that prevents the passage of a 4 inch (100 mm) diameter sphere, where any portion of the sphere is within 4 inches (100 mm) of the floor or ground surface.
405.10 Outdoor Conditions. Outdoor ramps and outdoor approaches to ramps shall be designed so that water will not accumulate on walking surfaces.
406.1 General. Curb ramps on accessible routes shall comply with 406 and with 405.2, 405.4 , 405.5 and 405.10.
406.2 Counter Slope. Counter slopes of adjoining gutters and road surfaces immediately adjacent to the curb ramp shall not be steeper than 1:20. The adjacent surfaces at transitions at curb ramps to walks, gutters and streets shall be at the same level.
406.3 Sides of Curb Ramps. Curb ramps located where pedestrians must walk across the ramp shall have flared sides. Slope of the flares shall not be steeper than 1:10. Where the width of the walking surface at the top of the ramp and parallel to the run of the ramp is less than 48 inches (1220 mm) wide, the flared sides shall have a slope not steeper than 1:12. Curb ramps with returned curbs shall be permitted where pedestrians would not normally walk across the ramp.
406.4 Handrails. Handrails are not required on curb ramps.
406.5 Location at Marked Crossings. Curb ramps at marked crossings shall be wholly contained within the markings, excluding any flared sides.
406.6 Diagonal Curb Ramps. Diagonal or corner type curb ramps with